What is a sore throat?
Sore throat is a common complaint that manifests as irritation, burning, dryness, or difficulty swallowing in the throat area. This condition, which can occur in all age groups, may have simple causes, but it can also be caused by serious infections. While colds, flu, or environmental factors often cause sore throat, bacterial infections may require treatment in some cases. Although sore throat is usually short-lived, it negatively affects daily life; it reduces work productivity and can negatively affect school performance in children. Additionally, persistent or severe pain should always be evaluated by an ear, nose, and throat specialist.
The most common causes
The causes of sore throat are quite varied. Viral infections, especially the flu and the common cold, are among the most common causes. These infections usually resolve on their own within a few days; however, they may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and a runny nose. Bacterial infections, on the other hand, can lead to more serious conditions. Throat infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria lead to severe pain, high fever, and white patches on the tonsils. In this case, antibiotic treatment is necessary. Allergies can also cause throat irritation; pollen, dust, mold, or animal dander cause itching and burning in the throat. Environmental factors, especially cigarette smoke and dry air, can irritate the throat mucosa and cause pain. In addition, in reflux disease, stomach acid refluxing into the esophagus can reach the throat during sleep, causing burning and pain. Overuse of the vocal cords or shouting can also cause strain and pain in the throat.
When should you see a doctor?
Although sore throat is often caused by simple reasons, in some cases it may be a sign of an underlying serious illness. If sore throat is accompanied by high fever, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, swelling in the neck, skin rash, or earache, you should definitely consult a doctor. In addition, sore throats that last longer than two weeks or recur frequently should not be ignored. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment not only control symptoms quickly but also prevent potential complications in the future. Throat pain in children, in particular, should be closely monitored, and self-medication should be avoided.